International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT JOHNSONGRASS
(Sorghum halepense)


Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Italy
INTRODUCTION JOHNSONGRASS
Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Italy this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2007 and infests Corn (maize).   Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to nicosulfuron and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated May 08, 2014 )

Common NameJohnsongrass
SpeciesSorghum halepense
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesnicosulfuron
LocationItaly
Year2007
Situation(s)Corn (maize)
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Silvia Panozzo, and Maurizio Sattin 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Johnsongrass biotype with this Johnsongrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Johnsongrass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Johnsongrass from Italy please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

SILVIA PANOZZO
Weed Scientist
Italian National Research Council (CNR)
IBAF - Weed Research Unit
Viale dell'Università 16
Legnaro, 35020, Padova
Italy
Email Silvia Panozzo
MAURIZIO SATTIN
Senior Weed Scientist
Italian National Research Council (cnr)
IBAF - Weed Science Unit
Viale dell'Università 16
Legnaro, 35020, Padova
Italy
Email Maurizio Sattin

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Italy have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Silvia Panozzo, and Maurizio Sattin for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Johnsongrass Globally
(Sorghum halepense)
Herbicide Resistant Johnsongrass Globally
(Sorghum halepense)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Johnsongrass Globally
(Sorghum halepense)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ArgentinaArgentina 2005 Soybean glyphosate 48 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5271
2 ArgentinaArgentina 2015 Soybean haloxyfop-methyl 48 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass10979
3 ArgentinaArgentina 2015 Soybean clethodim, glyphosate, and haloxyfop-methyl 48 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass10991
4 Australia (Queensland) AustraliaQueensland2019 Fallow glyphosate 1 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass18193
5 ChileChile 2009 Corn (maize) nicosulfuron 8 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5693
6 GreeceGreece 2005 Cotton propaquizafop, and quizalofop-ethyl 19 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5393
7 HungaryHungary 2015 Corn (maize), and Fallow foramsulfuron, and nicosulfuron 20 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass17119
8 IsraelIsrael 2006 Carrots, Cotton, Onions, and Peanut (groundnut) clethodim, fluazifop-butyl, and haloxyfop-methyl 23 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5301
9 IsraelIsrael 2017 Cotton, and Watermelon rimsulfuron 23 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass18159
10 ItalyItaly 2005 Soybean, and Tomatoes fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, propaquizafop, and quizalofop-ethyl 24 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5354
11 ItalyItaly 2007 Corn (maize) nicosulfuron 24 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass8905
12 MexicoMexico 2009 Corn (maize) foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, and rimsulfuron 29 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5475
13 SerbiaSerbia 2014 Corn (maize) imazamox, nicosulfuron, propoxycarbazone-Na, pyroxsulam, and rimsulfuron 245 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass15065
14 SerbiaSerbia 2017 Soybean fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, propaquizafop, and quizalofop-ethyl 245 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass17146
15 SerbiaSerbia 2018 Soybean fluazifop-butyl, and nicosulfuron 245 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass20225
16 SpainSpain 2015 Corn (maize) nicosulfuron 38 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass11000
17 United States (Mississippi) United StatesMississippi1991 Cotton, and Cropland fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, and quizalofop-ethyl 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass250
18 United States (Kentucky) United StatesKentucky1991 Soybean fluazifop-butyl 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass488
19 United States (Mississippi) United StatesMississippi1992 Cotton pendimethalin 45 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ( HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass328
20 United States (Tennessee) United StatesTennessee1995 Cotton, and Soybean fluazifop-butyl, and quizalofop-ethyl 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass1106
21 United States (Virginia) United StatesVirginia1995 Soybean sethoxydim 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass1108
22 United States (Louisiana) United StatesLouisiana1997 Cotton clethodim, and fluazifop-butyl 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass1044
23 United States (Texas) United StatesTexas2000 Corn (maize) imazethapyr, and nicosulfuron 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5091
24 United States (West Virginia) United StatesWest Virginia2004 Corn (maize) nicosulfuron 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass7775
25 United States (Indiana) United StatesIndiana2005 Corn (maize), and Soybean nicosulfuron 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5282
26 United States (Kentucky) United StatesKentucky2006 Corn (maize) foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron, and primisulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass7880
27 United States (Arkansas) United StatesArkansas2007 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5344
28 United States (Mississippi) United StatesMississippi2008 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5558
29 United States (Louisiana) United StatesLouisiana2010 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5522
30 United States (Missouri) United StatesMissouri2019 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass23238
31 VenezuelaVenezuela 2010 Corn (maize) foramsulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and nicosulfuron 80 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrass5553
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