International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT CALIFORNIA ARROWHEAD
(Sagittaria montevidensis)


Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

United States, California
INTRODUCTION CALIFORNIA ARROWHEAD
California Arrowhead (Sagittaria montevidensis) is a monocot weed in the Alismataceae family.  In California this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 1993 and infests Rice.   Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to bensulfuron-methyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Mar 02, 2001 )

Common NameCalifornia Arrowhead
SpeciesSagittaria montevidensis
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesbensulfuron-methyl
LocationUnited States, California
Year1993
Situation(s)Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Michael Carriere 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

AREAS FOUND

Michael Carriere
Direct-seeded flooded rice

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CONTROL STRATEGIES

Michael Carriere
Remains susceptible to cafentrazone.

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GENERAL

Michael Carriere
Resistance of California Arrowhead and Smallflower Umbrella Sedge to Sulfonylurea Herbicides. T. Pappas-Fader, J. F. Cook, T. Butler, P.J. Lana, E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Stine-Haskell Research Center, Newark, DE 19714 and J.Hare, Pest Control Advisor, The John Taylor Fertilizer Company, 900 N. George Washington St. Yuba City, CA 95993.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible California Arrowhead biotype with this California Arrowhead biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant California Arrowhead have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant California Arrowhead from California please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

MICHAEL CARRIERE
Strawberry Licensing Program
University Of California
UC Davis Innovation Access
1850 Research Park Drive
Suite 100
Davis, 95618, California
United States
Email Michael Carriere

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in California have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Michael Carriere for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Australia (New South Wales ) AustraliaNew South Wales 1994 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 1 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead7
2 BrazilBrazil 1999 Rice bispyribac-sodium, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 5 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead1179
3 BrazilBrazil 2009 Rice bentazon, bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 5 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Histidine 215 Binders ( HRAC Group 6 (Legacy C3)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead5588
4 BrazilBrazil 2023 Rice florpyrauxifen 5 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead26264
5 ChinaChina 2003 Rice bensulfuron-methyl, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 9 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead5303
6 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia1993 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead390
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