<b>HRAC Group 1</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy A) </font> resistant Polypogon fugax from China

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 1 (LEGACY A) RESISTANT ASIA MINOR BLUEGRASS
(Polypogon fugax)

Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)

China

INTRODUCTION		ASIA MINOR BLUEGRASS
Asia Minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family. In China this weed first evolved resistance to Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides in 2014 and infests Canola, and Wheat. Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, pinoxaden, quizalofop-ethyl, and sethoxydim and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Mar 04, 2014 )
Common Name	Asia Minor bluegrass
Species	Polypogon fugax
Group	Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Herbicides	clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, pinoxaden, quizalofop-ethyl, and sethoxydim
Location	China
Year	2014
Situation(s)	Canola, and Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Xiaogang Zhou
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

RESISTANCE RATIO

Xiaogang Zhou

Tang Wei; Zhou FengYan; Chen Jie; Zhou XiaoGang. 2014. Resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in an Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) population in China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 2014 Vol. 108 pp. 16-20.

Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) is a common annual grass weed of winter crops distributed across China. We conducted a study on the resistance level and the mechanism of resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in a P. fugax population from China. Whole-plant dose–response experiments in greenhouse showed that the resistant P. fugax population was 1991, 364, 269, 157, and 8-fold resistant to clodinafop-propargyl, fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-R-methyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl relative to the reference susceptible population, which was susceptible to all the five AOPP herbicides. Much lower R/S values of 3.5, 2.4 and 3.5, respectively, were detected for clethodim, sethoxydim and pinoxaden. Molecular analysis of resistance confirmed that the Ile₂₀₄₁ to Asn mutation in the resistant population conferred resistance to AOPP herbicides, but not to CHD and DEN herbicides. This is the first report of a target site mutation that corresponded to resistance to AOPP herbicides in P. fugax. Proper resistance management practices are necessary to prevent ACCase-inhibiting herbicides from becoming ineffective over wide areas.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Asia Minor bluegrass biotype with this Asia Minor bluegrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 1 resistant Asia Minor bluegrass have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

Studies on the mechanism of resistance of Group 1 (Legacy A) resistant Asia Minor bluegrass from China indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 1 (Legacy A) resistant Asia Minor bluegrass from China please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

XIAOGANG ZHOU

Weed Scientist Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection Penjiang Rd. Chengdu, 610066, Yaan China Email Xiaogang Zhou

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in China have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Xiaogang Zhou for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Asia Minor bluegrass Globally
(Polypogon fugax)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

China

2014

Canola, and Wheat

clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, pinoxaden, quizalofop-ethyl, and sethoxydim

Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Tang Wei ; Zhou FengYan ; Chen Jie ; Zhou XiaoGang. 2014. Resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in an Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) population in China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 108 : 16 - 20.

Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) is a common annual grass weed of winter crops distributed across China. We conducted a study on the resistance level and the mechanism of resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in a P. fugax population from China. Whole-plant dose-response experiments in greenhouse showed that the resistant P. fugax population was 1991, 364, 269, 157, and 8-fold resistant to clodinafop-propargyl, fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-R-methyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl relative to the reference susceptible population, which was susceptible to all the five AOPP herbicides. Much lower R/S values of 3.5, 2.4 and 3.5, respectively, were detected for clethodim, sethoxydim and pinoxaden. Molecular analysis of resistance confirmed that the Ile₂₀₄₁ to Asn mutation in the resistant population conferred resistance to AOPP herbicides, but not to CHD and DEN herbicides. This is the first report of a target site mutation that corresponded to resistance to AOPP herbicides in P. fugax. Proper resistance management practices are necessary to prevent ACCase-inhibiting herbicides from becoming ineffective over wide areas..

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