<b>HRAC Group 5</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy C1 C2) </font> resistant Datura stramonium from United States, Indiana

International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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Friday, November 1, 2024

HRAC GROUP 5 (LEGACY C1 C2) RESISTANT JIMSONWEED
(Datura stramonium)

PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

United States, Indiana

INTRODUCTION		JIMSONWEED
Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) is a dicot weed in the Solanaceae family. In Indiana this weed first evolved resistance to Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides in 1992 and infests Corn (maize). Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides are known as PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (Inhbition of Photosynthesis at PSll - Serine 264 Binders ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to atrazine and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Nov 29, 2000 )
Common Name	Jimsonweed
Species	Datura stramonium
Group	PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Herbicides	atrazine
Location	United States, Indiana
Year	1992
Situation(s)	Corn (maize)
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Daniel Childs
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

AREAS FOUND

Daniel Childs

Daviess county, Indiana.

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GENERAL

Daniel Childs

Resistance to atrazine occurred due to the continued use of this product in community of farmers.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Jimsonweed biotype with this Jimsonweed biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 5 resistant Jimsonweed have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

Studies on the mechanism of resistance of Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) resistant Jimsonweed from Indiana indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Relative Fitness

Researchers have indicated that Group 5/C1 C2 resistant Jimsonweed is ecologically less fit than normal susceptible Jimsonweed. There may be a note below or an article discussing the fitness of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

DANIEL CHILDS

Now With Monsanto, Was With Purdue University Cooperative Extension Dept of Botany& Plant Pathology 915 West State St, Lilly Hall of Life Sciences West Lafayette, 47907, Indiana United States Email Daniel Childs

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Indiana have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Daniel Childs for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Jimsonweed Globally
(Datura stramonium)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

United States (Indiana)

1992

Corn (maize)

atrazine

PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Everman, W. J. ; Burke, I. C. ; Allen, J. R. ; Collins, J. ; Wilcut, J. W.. 2007. Weed control and yield with glufosinate-resistant cotton weed management systems. Weed Technology 21 : 695 - 701.

Field studies were conducted near Clayton, Goldsboro, Kinston, and Rocky Mount, North Carolina, USA, in 2003 to evaluate weed control and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) response to postemergence (POST) treatments of glufosinate applied alone or in tank mixtures with s-metolachlor, pyrithiobac, or trifloxysulfuron. Late-season control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula), ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia [Cassia obtusifolia]) with glufosinate early postemergence (EPOST) was ≥90%. The addition of S-metolachlor to glufosinate EPOST improved control of all weeds except sicklepod, ivyleaf morningglory, and entireleaf morningglory. When applied POST, glufosinate provided ≥90% late season control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, entireleaf morningglory, ivyleaf morningglory, jimsonweed, large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), pitted morningglory, purple nutsedge, and sicklepod. Control of goosegrass (Eleusine indica) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) was 81 and 84%, respectively. When pyrithiobac or trifloxysulfuron were added in POST tank mixtures, control of Palmer amaranth improved 6 and 9 percentage points, respectively. Control of goosegrass remained near 80% regardless of herbicide treatment used. The addition of a late post-directed (LAYBY) tank-mixture of glufosinate plus prometryn provided ≥88% late season control of all weeds. Reduced control of goosegrass and Palmer amaranth was observed with the LAYBY tank mixture of glufosinate plus MSMA compared to other LAYBY tank mixtures. Cotton lint yields in plots receiving any herbicide application were significantly higher than plots receiving no herbicide application for all application timings. Cotton lint yields were ≥740 kg/ha where an EPOST was applied and 680 kg/ha when a POST herbicide was applied. Cotton lint yields were at least 200 kg/ha greater on plots receiving a LAYBY application when compared to plots where no LAYBY treatment was applied..

Clewis, S. B. ; Wilcut, J. W. ; Porterfield, D.. 2006. Weed management with S-metolachlor and glyphosate mixtures in glyphosate-resistant strip- and conventional-tillage cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Weed Technology 20 : 232 - 241.

Field studies were conducted at Clayton, Rocky Mount and Lewiston-Woodville, North Carolina, USA, in 2001 and 2002, to evaluate weed management, crop tolerance and yield in strip- and conventional-tillage glyphosate-resistant cotton. Cotton was treated with 2 glyphosate formulations, i.e. glyphosate-IP (isopropylamine salt) or glyphosate-TM (trimethylsulfonium salt) at early postemergence (EPOST) alone or in a mixture with S-metolachlor. Early season cotton injury was minimal (3%) with either glyphosate formulation alone or in mixture with S-metolachlor. Weed control and cotton yields were similar for both glyphosate formulations. The addition of S-metolachlor to either glyphosate formulation increased control of broadleaf signalgrass (Urochloa platyphylla), goosegrass (Eleusine indica), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila) at 14 to 43% compared to the control by glyphosate alone. S-metolachlor was not beneficial for late-season control of entire leaf morningglory (Pharbitis hederacea), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) or yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). The addition of S-metolachlor to either glyphosate formulation increased control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and velvet leaf (Abutilon theophrasti) at 6 to 46%. The addition of a late postemergence-directed (LAYBY) treatment of prometryn plus MSMA increased control to greater than 95% for all weed species regardless of EPOST treatment, and control was similar with or without S-metolachlor EPOST. Cotton lint yield was increased 220 kg/ha with the addition of S-metolachlor to either glyphosate formulation compared to yield from glyphosate alone. The addition of the LAYBY treatment increased yields by 250 and 380 kg/ha for glyphosate plus S-metolachlor and glyphosate systems, respectively. S-metolachlor residual activity allowed for an extended window for more effective LAYBY application to smaller weed seedlings instead of weeds that were possibly larger and harder to control..

Richardson, R. J. ; Wilson, H. P. ; Armel, G. R. ; Hines, T. E.. 2005. Responses of imidazolinone-resistant corn, several weeds, and two rotational crops to trifloxysulfuron. Weed Technology 19 : 744 - 748.

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in Virginia, USA, in 2000, 2001, and 2002 to evaluate the response of imidazolinone-resistant (IR) maize and selected weeds to trifloxysulfuron applied postemergence (POST). Treatments included a nontreated control and S-metolachlor applied preemergence at 1075 g/ha followed by (fb) trifloxysulfuron POST at 0, 3.8, 7.5, 11.2, and 15 g/ha. IR maize visible injury was less than 6% from field applications of trifloxysulfuron. Visual symptoms were transient, and IR maize yield was not affected by trifloxysulfuron. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), annual grass species (giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis)), and carpetweed ( Mollugo verticillata) were controlled by at least 95% by S-metolachlor fb trifloxysulfuron applications. Morningglory species (ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea [Pharbitis hederacea]), pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), and tall morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea [Pharbitis purpurea])) were controlled by at least 97% in 2000 and greater than 77% in 2001 from S-metolachlor fb trifloxysulfuron. Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) was not adequately controlled. S-metolachlor alone controlled annual grass species 90% but did not control the broadleaf weeds that were present. Wheat was planted following IR maize harvest, and non-IR maize was planted the following spring. No visible response was observed to rotational wheat or non-IR maize crops. Rotational non-IR maize yield was not affected by trifloxysulfuron and was not different from the yield of maize treated with S-metolachlor alone. In greenhouse studies, IR maize was injured 10% at 10 days after treatment with 380 g/ha trifloxysulfuron POST, but recovery was rapid. Based upon results, trifloxysulfuron may be used as an herbicide in IR maize, and rotational wheat and non-IR maize may be planted at normal intervals after cotton harvest..

Richardson, R. J. ; Wilson, H. P. ; Armel, G. R. ; Hines, T. E.. 2004. Mixtures of glyphosate with CGA 362622 for weed control in glyphosate-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technology 18 : 16 - 22.

Field studies were conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001 near Painter, Virginia, USA, to evaluate broadleaf weed control in glyphosate-resistant cotton (G. hirsutum) cultivars by glyphosate plus CGA-362622 (trifloxysulfuron-sodium) applied post-emergence. Treatments included glyphosate-isopropylamine at 560 and 1120 g a.i./ha, alone or in mixtures with CGA 362622 at 3.8 and 7.5 g a.i./ha, and CGA-362622 at 7.5 g/ha alone. Cotton injury 7 days after treatment (DAT) was 3-11% from glyphosate alone and 16-24% from glyphosate plus CGA-362622. Injury 28 DAT with CGA-362622 or herbicide mixtures did not exceed 6%. Broadleaf weed control by herbicide mixtures was generally more consistent than control from either herbicide applied alone. Glyphosate plus CGA 362622 controlled common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) better than glyphosate alone. In most instances, the mixtures also controlled common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea [Pharbitis hederacea]), pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), and tall morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea [Pharbitis purpurea]) better than glyphosate applied alone. Common cocklebur and smooth pigweed were controlled at least 85% by all treatments. CGA-362622 did not control spurred anoda (Anoda cristata) or jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). Cotton yields generally reflected weed control. According to these results, glyphosate plus CGA-362622 mixtures can consistently control many broadleaf weeds in cotton..

Dalley, C. D. ; Kells, J. J. ; Renner, K. A.. 2004. Effect of glyphosate application timing and row spacing on corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) yields. Weed Technology 18 : 165 - 176.

Studies were carried out in 1998-2001 in Michigan, USA, to determine the effect of glyphosate application timing and row spacing (38 and 76 cm for glyphosate-resistant maize hybrid DK 493RR and 19, 38 and 76 cm for soyabean cv. 92B71) on the yield of these crops. Glyphosate was applied when average weed canopy height reached 5, 10, 15, 23, and 30 cm. The weeds present in these studies included velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca [S. pumila]), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), and eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum). Under highly competitive growing conditions (below normal rainfall and high weed density), maize yield was first reduced when weeds reached 10 and 15 cm in height with maize planted in 38- and 76-cm row widths, respectively. Under similar conditions, soyabean yield was first reduced when weeds reached 15 and 23 cm with soyabean planted in 19- and 38-cm row widths, respectively. Yield losses occurred only in the untreated control when soyabean was planted in 76-cm rows. When growing conditions were less competitive (adequate rainfall and lower weed density), yield losses occurred only when weeds reached 30 cm or more in maize and only in the untreated control in soyabean. Maize and soyabean yields were higher when planted in narrow rows in 3 of 4 years but were more susceptible to early-season weed interference than maize and soyabean in wide rows. Maize yield was affected more by weed interference than was soyabean yield. The product of weed height by weed density, as the independent variable, resulted in the best linear fit for both maize and soyabean yields. High weed densities increase the risk of yield loss and must be considered when determining the appropriate timing for total post-emergence herbicide applications such as glyphosate. Sequential glyphosate applications in maize did not increase yield..

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