HRAC GROUP 4 (LEGACY O) RESISTANT GOOSEWEED
(Sphenoclea zeylanica)

Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)

Malaysia

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INTRODUCTION GOOSEWEED Gooseweed (Sphenoclea zeylanica) is a dicot weed in the Sphenocleaceae family.  In Malaysia this weed first evolved resistance to Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides in 1995 and infests Rice.   Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides are known as Auxin Mimics (Auxin Mimics ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to 2,4-D and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Sep 15, 2000 ) Common Name Gooseweed Species Sphenoclea zeylanica Group Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O) Herbicides 2,4-D Location Malaysia Year 1995 Situation(s) Rice Contributors - (Alphabetically) Kazuyuki Itoh  Edit this Case  |  Add New Case of Resistance  |  Add Note

NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE GENERAL Kazuyuki Itoh Booklet called : Trends in Rice Production and Weed Control in Asia. Kazuyuki Itoh, Department of LowLand Farming, Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Edit this Note  |  Add New Note

ACADEMIC ASPECTS Confirmation Tests Field, and Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Gooseweed biotype with this Gooseweed biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.   Genetics Genetic studies on HRAC Group 4 resistant Gooseweed have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature   Mechanism of Resistance The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.   Relative Fitness There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 4 (Legacy O) resistant Gooseweed from Malaysia please update the database.   Edit Case  |  Add Note  |  Add Article  |  Add New Case  |  Help

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS KAZUYUKI ITOH Professor Kobe University Graduate School of Agricultural Science １-１ Rokkodaicho Kobe, 657-0013, Hyogo Japan Email Kazuyuki Itoh

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Malaysia have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Kazuyuki Itoh for providing detailed information.

Herbicide Resistant Gooseweed Globally (Sphenoclea zeylanica) Herbicide Resistant Gooseweed Globally (Sphenoclea zeylanica) Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column Herbicide Resistant Gooseweed Globally (Sphenoclea zeylanica) # Country Country StateName FirstYear Situation Active Ingredients CountryID Site of Action WeedID Species CommonName ResistID 1 Malaysia Malaysia   1995 Rice 2,4-D 28 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O) 167 Sphenoclea zeylanica Gooseweed 131 2 Philippines Philippines   1983 Rice 2,4-D 32 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O) 167 Sphenoclea zeylanica Gooseweed 162 3 Thailand Thailand   2000 Rice 2,4-D 47 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O) 167 Sphenoclea zeylanica Gooseweed 5146

Literature about Similar Cases

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Itoh, K.. 1994. Weed ecology and its control in south-east tropical countries. Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture 38 : 369 - 373.

For over 20 years, repeated use of the same herbicides has resulted in paraquat resistant biotypes of Crassocephalum crepidioides, Solanum nigrum, Conyza sumatrensis and Amaranthus lividis in plantations, and 2,4-D resistant biotypes of Sphenoclea zeylanica and Fimbristylis miliacea in rice fields in South-East Asia. In irrigated rice areas, rapid changes from transplanting to direct sowing methods have been motivated by the introduction of effective herbicides and combine harvester technology, development of short culm and early maturing rice cultivars, and high labour cost of transplanting. Changes in the rice planting method has caused shifts in weed populations and flora, with large increases being noted for grassy weeds such as the Echinochloa crus-galli complex, Ischaemum rugosum, Leptochloa chinensis and weedy rice. Effective weed control through integrated weed management, involving ecological and biological control, are discussed..

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Cite this site as: Heap, I.  The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds.  Online.  Internet.  Friday, November 1, 2024 .  Available  www.weedscience.org
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